Objective: To determine the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of urinary tract anomalies in children in our environment. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted in the pediatric surgery and urology-andrology departments of the University Hospital of Brazzaville, from January 2012 to December 2017. Children aged 0 to 17 years old hospitalized for a malformation of the urinary tract were included. Results: The frequency of urinary tract anomalies was 1% of all patients admitted during the study period. The average age of the patients was 6.1 years (range, 0 - 17 years). The most common motive of consultation was ectopic urethral meatus (66.2%), vesical urine retention (18.7%) and lumbar spine pain (6.3%). Hypospadias was more common with 58.7%, followed by posterior urethral valves (20%), uretero-pelvic junction obstruction (7.5%). The most frequent preoperative complications were urinary tract infection (11.3%), urolithiasis (3.7%) and renal failure (2.5%). The treatment was surgical including urethroplasty (70.1%), or instrumental based on destruction of valves (16.9%). Conclusion: Urinary tract anomalies suffer late diagnosis and treatment in our practice. An antenatal screening strategy should be put in place to improve care to prevent the occurrence of complications.
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