School of Mathematical Sciences Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex Systems Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China;
School of Mathematical Sciences Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex Systems Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China;
Department of Mathematics North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8205 USA;
School of Mathematical Sciences Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex Systems Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China;
Lorenz model; tangent linear model; nonlinear model; Monte Carlo;