College of Shipbuilding Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China;
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Berkeley CA USA;
College of Shipbuilding Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China;
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Berkeley CA USA;
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Berkeley CA USA;
College of Shipbuilding Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China;
Peridynamics; ice constitutive model; adaptive particle refinement; ice craters; impact;