Innovations in Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery

摘要

Cardiac surgery is one of the youngest surgical disciplines.Only a century ago the heart and great vessels were not surgically approachable,and any pathology affecting these structures that needed surgery inevitably led to a poor prognosis[1].The turning point came with the introduction of modern anesthesia and,above all,with the invention of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary circulation.