新疆阿勒泰地区近50 a暖季浅层地温变化特征分析

摘要

The monthly climate change tendency and climate abrupt change of average shallow soil temperature in warm season in latest 50 years were analyzed,using climate statistical diagnosis analysis method,based on the monthly average 5~20 cm soil temperature data in warm season from 7 observation stations in Altay region from 1961 to 2010.The results showed that the annual average shallow soil temperature in warm season increased in last 50 years,the maximum increasing was found in the Fuyun region at the rate of 0.88 ℃/10 a (P<0.01).The monthly annual average soil temperature in warm season for levels of 5cm,10 cm,15 cm,20 cm also showed rising trends,which ranged from1.02 ℃/10 a to1.07 ℃/10 a(P<0.01).The maximum increasing also was found in Fuyun, and the trend was obviously from 1981. Climate abrupt change of average soil temperature in warm season occurred in 1972 at the most of stations. The monthly average soil temperture abrupt change occurred form 1960s to 1970s and there was clear positive correlation between shallow soil temperature and surface temperature, and between shallow soil temperature and air temperature in warm season.The air temperature and surface temperature rising might resulted in the shallow soil temperature increasing.The results could provide references to optimal utilize climate resources and to adjust agricultural structure.%利用阿勒泰地区1961—2010年7个观测站暖季（5—9月）5~20 cm土层的逐月平均地温资料，采用气候统计诊断分析方法，对近50 a阿勒泰暖季浅层平均地温、各月平均地温的气候变化趋势及突变特点进行研究。结果表明，近50 a阿勒泰地区暖季浅层地温呈上升趋势，富蕴升温幅度最大，为0.88℃/10 a（P<0.01）。暖季浅层各月平均地温均呈上升趋势，升幅最大值为1.02~1.07℃/10 a （P<0.01），均以富蕴或青河升温幅度最大，7月增幅最大，9月增幅最小，各层自1981年以来增温尤为明显。1961—2010年暖季大部站点平均浅层地温在1972年发生了突变，而各月平均浅层地温大部分在20世纪60年代中期到70年代中期发生了突变。暖季5、10、15、20 cm 4个土层温度与同期气温和地表温度均呈显著的正相关关系，二者的显著升高正是导致浅层地温呈明显升高趋势的原因。