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Intraspecific temporal resource partitioning at white-tailed deer feeding sites

机译:白尾鹿饲养场所的种内时间资源分配

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摘要

Individuals may reduce competition by temporally partitioning their use of a shared resource.Behavioral differences between sexes in ungulates may encourage segregation as individuals attempt to avoid antagonistic interactions.However,dominant sex and age groups may reduce subordinates' access to food resources,regardless of the subordinate's sex.We hypothesized that white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus temporally segregated at supplemental feeding sites based on social rank (subordinate:yearling males and adult females;dominant:adult males) and that segregation was affected by phase of the breeding season and diel cycle.If deer temporally segregate according to social rank,we predicted that the resulting activity patterns would manifest in one social class being relatively more susceptible to hunter-induced mortality.We used a multistate modeling approach to quantify temporal segregation and calculated the probability that a feeding site was in a particular state during diurnal and nocturnal hours for each of the 3 phases of the breeding season.We determined that transition probabilities differed by season and diel cycle and dominant and subordinate social classes clearly avoided each other,with <1% co-occurrence at feeding sites.During the pre-breeding season,the probability of a subordinate being present during diurnal hours was 3.0× more likely than a dominant being present,but did not differ during nocturnal hours.There was no difference for dominants and subordinates during diurnal or nocturnal hours during the breeding season.In the post-breeding season,subordinates were 1.7× more likely to occur at the feeding site than a dominant during diurnal hours but they did not differ during nocturnal hours.Our results indicate that dominance status influences temporal segregation at feeding sites and is affected by the phase of the breeding season.Therefore,the resulting activity patterns may increase subordinates' risk to human predation during the prebreeding and post-breeding seasons.
机译:个体可以通过暂时划分共享资源的使用来减少竞争。有蹄类动物中的性别差异可能会鼓励个体隔离,因为个体试图避免对抗性互动。但是,无论性别和年龄组别有多大,都可能降低下属获得食物资源的机会。我们假设白尾鹿Odocoileus virginianus会根据社会等级暂时在补充喂养地点隔离(下属:一岁的雄性和成年雌性;主要:成年的雄性),并且该分离受到繁殖季节和diel周期阶段的影响。如果按照社会等级对鹿进行时间隔离,我们预测所产生的活动模式将在一个社会阶层中表现出来,该类别相对更容易受到猎人诱发的死亡率的影响。我们使用多状态建模方法对时间隔离进行量化,并计算出喂食的可能性该站点在白天在繁殖季节的三个阶段中,每个阶段的夜间活动时间均为d。我们确定过渡概率随季节和diel周期的不同而不同,显性和下属的社会阶层相互避免,在饲养地点的发生率<1%。繁殖季节,下属在昼夜出现的可能性比显性在场出现的可能性高3.0倍,但在夜间则没有差异。在繁殖季节的白天或夜间,下属和下属的出现没有差异在繁殖后的季节中,下属在进食地点发生的可能性比在主导地点发生的行为高出1.7倍,但在夜间则没有变化。我们的结果表明,支配地位会影响进食地点的时间隔离并受到影响因此,由此产生的活动模式可能会增加下属在繁殖前期对人类被捕食的风险。和繁殖后的季节。

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  • 来源
    《动物学报(英文版)》 |2019年第2期|139-146|共8页
  • 作者单位

    Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA;

    Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA;

    Savannah River Ecology Lab, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, USA;

    Department of Biology, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA;

    Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA;

    Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Atlanta, GA, USA;

    Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA;

  • 收录信息 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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