湖南长沙地区红珠凤蝶生物学特性

摘要

Mature papilio larvae were gathered from the wild.And these larvae were raised indoors and outdoors.The annual life history of Pachliopta aristolochiae,main biological characteristics of different ages of larvae,weight and food consumption changes of larvae were observed and recorded.Meanwhile,the influences of temperature on developmental duration of eggs,larvae and pupa were also explored.Based on the data of developmental duration,the developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature were figured out.The results were showed as follows:(1) Pachliopta aristolochiae happened four to five generations in Changsha.It lived through the winter by pupa.(2) There were differences in the head width,body length and main characteristic of body at different ages of larvae.(3) Under the temperature of 25 ± 1 ℃,Pachliopta aristolochiae finished one generation in 49.3 d,when the egg hatching rate and larva survival rate were 98.2％ and 96.8 respectively,the highest.(4) The developmental threshold temperature of eggs was 5.9 ± 1.8℃,larvae was 9.8 ±2.0℃,and pupa was 5.7 ± 1.6℃.The total effective accumulated temperature was 664.0℃,the most adaptive temperature was 25 ± 1 ℃.%从野外采集红珠凤蝶的老熟幼虫,进行室内繁殖以及室内室外饲养,对卵、幼虫各龄期、蛹以及成虫的生物学特性以及幼虫各个龄期的主要形态特征进行观察和记录,同时在实验过程中探究了温度对红珠凤蝶卵、幼虫和蛹的发育历期的影响,并计算出发育起点温度和有效积温.结果表明:(1)红珠凤蝶在长沙地区1年发生4～5代,以蛹越冬;(2)幼虫各个龄期的头宽、体长以及形态特征有差异;(3)25±1℃温度条件下,红珠凤蝶完成一代的历期为49.3 d,此时卵的孵化率和幼虫存活率有最高值,分别为98.2％和96.8％;(4)发育起点温度,卵5.9±1.8℃,幼虫9.8±2.0℃,蛹5.7±1.6℃,总有效积温664.0℃,最适发育温度25℃.