渤、黄、东海8个主要分潮的数值模拟研究

摘要

A high resolution grid model is established for the calculated areas including the Bohai Sea,the Yellow Sea,the East China Sea,the East China Sea continental shelf and the Ryukyu Islands by using the MIKE software and a nonstructural triangular mesh,in which the actual water depth and shoreline are considered and the open bound-ary is resulted from the comprehensive Northwest Pacific tidal model.Based on this model,the tidal wave processes in the China seas are simulated,a harmonic analysis is made for the vertical motion processes of the tidal waves and thus the propagation and distribution characteristics of eight tidal components like M2 ,S2 ,K1 ,O1 ,N2 ,K2 ,P1 and Q1 in the Bohai Sea,the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea are obtained.The re-sults from the model have been validated by using the harmonic constants of 14 tide sta-tions located along the coast of China,indicating that the model is more accurate and re-liable.The research results show that the propagation of the 4 maj or semidiurnal tides (also the diurnal tides)are similar in the above seas,that means,the propagation prop-erty of the tidal waves along the coasts of the above seas is similar to that of the coastal Kelvin Wave.Moreover,4 amphidromic points of the semidiurnal tide component and 2 amphidromic points of the diurnal tide component in the calculated areas are reproduced successfully.The diurnal tidal amplitude is minimal around the amphidromic points and maximal at the free zone of the bay.The tidal range amplitude is large towards the coast and small towards the sea in the East China Sea.It is large along the coasts of Zhej iang and Fuj ian and relatively small in the Yellow Sea.In the Bohai Sea,it is maximal at the tops of the Bohai Bay and the Liaodong Bay and smaller in the area around the two am-phidromic points of the diurnal tide component.%应用 MIKE数值模拟软件,采用无结构三角形网格,建立一套计算区域包括整个渤海、黄海、东海以及东海大陆架和琉球群岛的高分辨率数值模型,考虑了实际水深和岸线,外海开边界采用西北太平洋大模型结果的潮位提供,模拟了东中国海潮波的波动过程,对潮波垂直运动过程进行调和分析,得到了渤海、黄海、东海的 M2,S2,K1,O1以及 N2,K2,P1,Q1八个主要分潮的传播和分布特征。利用中国沿海14个潮位站的调和常数对模型结果进行了验证,验证结果显示模型较为准确可靠。研究结果表明：4个主要半日潮(全日潮)在渤、黄、东海的传播情形基本相似,即潮波在渤海、黄海、东海沿岸的传播性质上类似沿岸开尔文波的传播形态,并且成功再现了计算海域的4个半日分潮无潮点和2个全日分潮无潮点。全日潮振幅各无潮点附近振幅最小,而海湾的波腹区振幅最大,东海潮差呈现近岸方向振幅大、离岸方向振幅小,浙闽沿海振幅也较大,黄海振幅相对较小,渤海振幅在辽东湾和渤海湾顶最大,两个无潮点周边振幅较小。