为了解分散剂对低阶煤成浆性的作用机理,应用氨基磺酸盐、木质素磺酸钠和萘系磺酸盐3种分散剂对鄂尔多斯东胜煤田褐煤的成浆性能进行研究.通过紫外-可见分光光度计检测了不同分散剂在煤表面的吸附量,测量了不同分散剂对煤表面Zeta电位的影响,并探讨了分散剂种类和用量对水煤浆流变性能的影响.结果表明,3种分散剂中氨基磺酸盐对低阶煤制水煤浆的分散作用最好,木质素磺酸钠与氨基磺酸盐复配也表现出优良的分散性能;分散剂的分散性能与吸附量和Zeta电位具有一致性,分散剂复配后的吸附量和Zeta电位明显增加.带电的分散剂分子吸附到煤颗粒上,既增大了煤颗粒的空间位阻,也增强了煤颗粒之间的静电斥力,静电排斥和空间位阻的共同作用显著提高了水煤浆的分散性.%In order to understand the dispersant function and mechanism of the slurryability with a low rank coal,three dispersants of the sulfamate,sodium lignosulfonate and naphthalene sulphonate were applied to the study on the slurryability performances of the lignite from Ordos Dongsheng Coalfield.The ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was applied to detect the adsorption amount of the different dispersants on the coal surface,measured different dispersants affected to the zeta potential on the coal surface and discussed the dispersant type and amount affected to the rheological performances of the coal water slurry.The result showed that in the three dispersants,the sulfamate would have the best dispersion function of the coal water slurry prepared with low rank coal and the compound of the sodium lignosulfonate and naphthalene sulphonate also would have an excellent dispersion performance.The dispersion performance and adsorption volume of the dispersant would have the coherence to the Zeta potential and the adsorption volume and the Zeta potential of the dispersant compounded would be obviously increased.The charged molecules of the dispersant would be adsorbed on the coal particles,thus the space hindrance of the coal particles would be increased and the electrostatic repulsion between the coal particles would also be enhanced.The joint role of electrostatic repulsion and space hindrance could obviously improve dispersion of coal water slurry.
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