槽波地震勘探仪器的发展现状

摘要

高性能槽波地震勘探仪器的研制能够有力推进槽波地震勘探方法在煤矿地质构造勘察等领域的有效应用.通过分析槽波地震勘探实例,对比国内外多款新型槽波地震仪采集站,结果表明:无线遥测式地震仪是槽波地震勘探仪器的主要发展方向;新型采集站都使用有Δ-Σ技术的24位AD转换器,前置增益都是多倍率.地震仪器采集站的性能满足槽波地震勘探需要,但是地震检波器的性能制约了槽波地震仪整机性能的提高.分析6种不同类型地震检波器的原理和性能,目前地震检波器主要是围绕提高灵敏度,拓宽频率响应范围和增强抗干扰能力3个方面进行研究.其中高性能压电式地震检波器在槽波地震勘探中有较好应用前景,进一步介绍了一种压电地震检波器芯体及测试结果.%Developing the high performance ISS exploration instrument will effectively promote the effective ap-plication of ISS exploration method in the field of coal mine geological structure survey. Based on the analysis of ISS exploration and the comparison of a new type of special seismic acquisition station of trough wave at home and abroad, it can be found that storage type radio telemetry seismic instrument is the main development direction of ISS exploration instrument. The data collecting stations of new seismic instruments all have 24 bitΔ-Σ AD con-verter and adjustable pre-gain. The performance of data collecting station can meet the need of ISS exploration, but the performance of geophone determines the accuracy and the fidelity of in-seam wave signal collected by ISS ex-ploration instrument. Based on the principle and performance of six different types of geophone, it can be found that the research of geophone is mainly aimed at three aspects, improving sensitivity, broadening the frequency re-sponse range and enhancing anti interference ability. The high performance piezoelectric geophone has good ap-plication prospects in the trough wave seismic exploration. In addition, test results of a new type of piezoelectric geophone core were presented.