基于GIS的地质环境单因素评价方法研究

摘要

榆神府矿区位于毛乌素沙地与陕北黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的过渡地带,地表覆盖较厚的松散层,常年干旱少雨,植被稀疏,是典型的生态脆弱区.矿区煤层埋藏浅,开采厚度大,上覆基岩厚度较薄.在这种条件下开采容易导致较严重的地质环境问题.通过地质环境单一影响因素的分析选取,利用GIS空间量化,可视化成图和分析功能,评价了研究区地形地貌、沙层厚度、潜水位埋深、煤层厚度和基岩厚度五个单因素的现状及对地质环境的影响,预测了开采单因素空间变化区域.将综合地质环境分为五类,认为煤炭资源的开采对原来处于Ⅰ和Ⅱ类型区域影响比对Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ类型的区域影响更大些.%The Yulin-Shenmu-Fugu mining area is situated in transition zone of the Mu Us desert and loess plateau hills and gullies region, rather thick loose beds covered the surface, drought and rainless all the year round with sparse vegetation, thus a typical vulnerable ecological area. The mining area has shallowly buried coal seams, large working thickness and rather thin overburden. Mining under this kind of condition can easily bring on serious geological environment problems. Through geological environment single contributing factor analysis and selection, using GIS spatial quantizing, visualization mapping and analytical capabilities, assessed five single factors of topography and landform, sand bed thickness, phreatic water level, coal seam thickness and bedrock thickness status quo and impacts on geological environment, predicted mining single factor spatial domain of variation. Classified the comprehensive geological environment into five categories, considered that the coal resource exploitation can bring on more serious impacts on categories I and II than III, IV and V regions.