岩溶地区矿井水对环境的影响复杂,它不仅对地表水体产生不利影响,而且由于落水洞、地下河发育,地下水体与地表水体之间水力联系密切,若矿井水若处置不当,还将对地下水环境产生不利影响.以典型的岩溶地区——贵州省金沙县为例,通过收集目前正常生产的部分矿井水水质资料,调查区域的基本水文状况,认为研究区地表水体规模普遍较小,落水洞、暗河等较为发育,地表水体与地下水体之间的水力联系较为密切,矿井水不仅容易污染地表水,而且容易对地下水产生不利影响.针对其影响方式、范围、程度及特点提出了源头控制、源头控制、矿井水资源化、优化排放方式等一系列的综合防治对策,以供类似地区矿井水的污染防治参考.%Mine water in karst region has complicated impacts on environment. It not only brings about adverse impact on surface water, but because of sinkhole, underground river development, close hydraulic connection between groundwater and surface water, if it is mismanaged will bring detrimental impacts on groundwater environment. Taking a typical karst region-the Jinsha County in Guizhou Province as an example, based on part of mine water quality data from mines of normal production at present, basic hydrographic conditions in study area, considered that the surface water bodies are generally smaller, sinkholes and underground rivers are well developed, hydraulic connection between groundwater and surface water more closely, thus mine water not only easy to pollute surface water, but also easy to bring adverse impact on groundwater. In allusion to impacting mode, range, degree and peculiarity, put forward a series of comprehensive controlling countermeasures including headwater control, mine water reclamation, drainage mode optimization etc., in order to provide references to mine water pollution control in similar areas.
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