煤矿采空区隐蔽灾害探测及治理技术与实践

摘要

我国众多的资源整合矿井中存在着大量未知采空区,由采空区诱发的水害、火灾、顶板突然垮落等灾害事故,为煤矿的安全生产和地表工程建设带来了极大的安全隐患.以鄂尔多斯等地采空区精细物探勘查实例,对比分析了高密度电法、瞬变电磁法、可控源音频大地电磁法和浅层地震法等4种物探方法的适用性,建立了煤矿采空区探测的技术方法.讨论了采空区煤柱稳定性评估方法及采空区地表新建建筑物稳定性评估方法,并采用实例验证了该评估方法的有效性,为采空区隐患治理提供了理论依据.针对采空区隐患提出了采空区注浆充填治理技术、采空区顶板崩落治理技术及露天剥离治理技术,并结合具体实例进行了采空区致灾控制技术应用研究.研究成果为煤矿开采、采空区地表利用、灾害控制提供了一整套经过实践检验的勘查、评估及治理一体化的工作程序和方法.%In numerous resources integrated coalmines in China have existed large amount of undiscovered gobs. It can induce accident of water hazards, fires, sudden roof collapses and bring great hidden dangers in coalmine safety production and surface engineering con-struction. The paper studied gob area fine geophysical prospecting technologies, contrasted and analyzed applicability of high density electric, transient electromagnetic, controlled-source audiomagnetotelluric, shallow seismic four geophysical prospecting methods, thus established coalmine gob area detection technical method. Discussed gob area coal pillar stability and surface newly-built building sta-bility assessment methods, through practices verified effectiveness of the methods, provided theoretical basis for gob area hidden haz-ard control. Put forward gob area grouting, roof collapse and open pit stripping control technologies, combined with concrete examples carried out gob area disaster control technology applied research. The research has provided a whole set of practices tested exploration, assessment and control integrative working procedures and methods for coal mining, gob area surface utilization and hazard control.