硅藻土／纤维素复合助滤剂在微污染原水处理中的应用

摘要

以硅藻土和纤维素为原料，通过溶胶－凝胶法制备出了新型硅藻土／纤维素复合助滤剂，探究了各种制备条件对助滤剂的影响，并在高岭土悬浊液中对硅藻土、纤维素和硅藻土／纤维素的助滤性能进行了比较，同时研究了硅藻土／纤维素助滤剂对实际微污染水过滤的影响。研究结果表明：复合助滤剂的最佳制备条件为纤硅比0．67，氨水浓度5．0×10－4 mol／L，蒸馏水／纤维素40 mL／g，EtOH／硅藻土20 mL／g，60℃恒温水浴；硅藻土／纤维素复合助滤剂的助滤性能要明显优于硅藻土和纤维素助滤剂；在微污染原水直接过滤过程中，投加硅藻土／纤维素助滤剂可提高各微污染物的去除率，结合微滤膜深度处理工艺，最终出水水质满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB 5749—2006）的要求。%The diatomite/cellulose filter aids were prepared using raw diatomite and cellulose via sol-gel technique. The effect of cellulose/diatomite, distilled water/cellulose, EtOH/diatomite, ammonia concentration and temperature on the properties of diatomite/cellulose filter aids were investigated.The filtration efficiency of diatomite,cellulose and diatomite/cellulose filter aids was compared.The influence of diatomite/cellulose filter aids on slightly polluted water filtration was studied.Results indicated that when 40 mL distilled water dissolved 1.0 g cellulose,20 mLEtOH carried 1.5 g diatomite,the ratio of diatomite to cellulose was 0.67,the concentration of ammonia was 5×10-4mol/L,the temperature was 60 ℃,the best diatomite/cellulose filter aids were achieved.The efficiency of diatomite/cellulose filter aids was obviously better than that by diatomite and cellulose filter aids.The pollutants removal efficiency could increase by using the diatomite/cellulose filter aids in the direct filtration process to treat the micro-polluted raw water.The results showed that the combination of filtration and micro-filtration membrane could achieve excellent permeate water,which met the Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB5749—2006).