As an aircraft takeoff or landing, the aerodynamic characteristics change a lot for the ground effect, such as lift/stability increasing and drag reducing etc. This paper analyzes the change of the longitudinal/lateral characteristics and maneuvering surface efficiency, and also tries to analyze the mechanism of the ground effect. Results show that, with ground effect, the stall happens 2. earlier, longitudinal stability increases 0. 15 bA, lateral stability increases 10% ~20%, horizontal tail efficiency increases 10%, rudder efficiency changes little while the decrease of the aileron efficiency can reach 10%. Due to these effects, stability and maneuvering ability of the air-craft are deteriorated.%当飞机起飞或着陆时由于近地会产生地面效应。地效使得飞机的气动特性发生较大变化，如升力增大、阻力减小及静安定度的提高等。通过试验数据分析了地效状态下纵、横航向气动特性及舵效的变化，并对其内在影响机理进行了初步分析。结果显示，地效使得着陆构型失速提前约2。、纵向静安定度增加约0.15bA、横向安定性增加约10%~20%、平尾效率减小可达10%、方向舵效率变化较小但副翼效率减小可达10%。由此使得飞机的失速特性、横航向稳定性及操纵性变差。
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