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Programmed death ligand-1/programmed death-1 inhibition therapy and programmed death ligand-1 expression in urothelial bladder carcinoma

机译:程序性死亡配体-1 /程序性死亡-1抑制疗法和程序性死亡配体-1在尿路上皮膀胱癌中的表达

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机译:After two decades of unchanged paradigms,the treatment strategies for advanced urothelial bladder cancer have been revolutionized by emerging programmed death ligand-1(PD-Ll)/programmed death-1(PD1)inhibition therapy.Increased evidence is demonstrating the efficacy of PD-L1/PD1 inhibition therapy in both second-line and first-line settings.However,the percentage of patients who benefit from anti-PD-Ll/anti-PDl therapy is still low.Many questions have been raised in the development of biomarkerdriven approaches for disease classification and patient selection.In this perspective,we discuss PD-L1/PD1 expression in urothelial bladder carcinoma,review approved anti-PD-Ll/anti-PDl agents for bladder cancer treatment and current ongoing studies investigating combination treatment strategies,and explore PD-L1 expression status for the evaluation of bladder cancer immunotherapy.

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