异常低温阴雨天气对南宁市传染病流行的影响

摘要

Objective To analyze impact of extreme low temperature and rainy weather on epidemic of infectious diseases in Nanning City and to provide a scientific basis of preventing and controlling infectious diseases caused by extreme weather events . Methods The data about incidences of respiratory tract infectious diseases ,enteric infectious diseases ,vector-borne infectious disea-ses ,natural foci of diseases from December 2007 to March 2008 and from December 2011 to April 2012 were analyzed by χ2 test . Results The incidence of respiratory tract infectious diseases were influenced greatest by extreme low temperature and rainy weather than other infectious diseases .The incidence of infectious diseases showed hysteresis effect of climate .Incidences of respira-tory tract infectious diseases ,enteric infectious diseases ,vector-borne infectious diseases ,natural foci of diseases during extreme low temperature and rainy weather were significantly higher than that during the same period of other years .And incidences of these were highest during the first 3 months of 2012 .Conclusion Extreme low temperature and rainy weather in Nanning City have im-pact on the incidence of infectious diseases ,which increased the incidence of infectious diseases at different degree .Ventilation and exposure clothes and quilts in the sun are not feasible during low temperature and rainy weather ,therefore health habits should be maximum emphasized when encountering extreme climate events .%目的：通过分析罕见低温阴雨天气对南宁市传染病流行的影响，为预防控制因极端天气事件导致传染病的发生或流行提供依据。方法用发病率指标对南宁市2007年12月至2008年3月、2011年12月至2012年4月期间的呼吸道传染病、肠道传染病、虫媒和自然疫源性传染病的发病资料进行描述性分析；用χ2检验对发病率进行比较。结果呼吸道传染病受低温阴雨天气影响最大，且存在明显的气候滞后效应。极端低温阴雨期间的呼吸道传染病、肠道传染病、虫媒和自然疫源性传染病发病均显著高于往年同期水平。且以低温阴雨、高湿的2012年1～3月份发病率最高。结论极端低温阴雨天气对南宁市传染病的发生和流行产生影响，各类传染病的发病均有不同程度的上升，此时通风、勤晒衣被等常规有效的措施是不切实际的。因此，在经历极端气候条件时，应对公众着重强调卫生习惯的重要性。