乳腺化生性癌的临床病理特征和免疫组织化学及鉴别诊断分析

摘要

目的 分析乳腺化生性癌的临床病理特征、免疫组织化学及鉴别诊断.方法 选取2013年3月至2016年3月河南省南阳市中心医院收治的乳腺化生性癌患者32例,用4％中性甲醛溶液固定标本,然后对其脱水,包埋,切片,HE染色,用免疫组织化学染色机进行免疫组织化学染色,然后对患者的巨检、镜检及免疫组织化学结果进行分析.结果 乳腺化生性癌缺乏清晰的界限,没有包膜.肿瘤直径在1～5 cm,平均肿瘤直径为(3.1±1.2)cm.肿瘤形状为结节状,切面实性,质地较韧,灰白色,切面可有囊腔出现.32例患者中,接受前哨淋巴结活检没有检见癌转移者20例;接受腋窝淋巴结清扫12例,其中有腋窝淋巴结转移8例;雌激素受体(ER)阴性、孕激素受体(PR)阴性、表皮生长因子受体-2 (HER-2)阴性、广谱CK阳性32例,表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)阳性28例,CK5/6阳性20例,p53阳性、肌上皮癌p63阳性8例,分别占总数的100.0％、87.5％、62.5％、25.0％;32例乳腺化生性癌患者按照化生分型分为:纯上皮型,包括鳞状细胞癌4例、腺鳞癌2例、梭形细胞分化的腺癌13例;型上皮/间叶化生性癌,异源性成分包括肉瘤样成分3例、横纹肌肉瘤样成分3例,伴有软骨和骨化生性成分7例.结论 乳腺化生性癌ER、PR、HER-2阴性,广谱CK阳性,需与乳腺原发性肉瘤、恶性叶状肿瘤、肉瘤化癌、促纤维增生性乳腺癌进行鉴别.%Objective To analyze the clinicopathological features,immunohistochemistry and differential diagnosis of metaplastic breast carcinoma.Methods A total of 32 cases of patients with metaplastic breast cancer in our hospital from March 2013 to March 2016 was randomly selected.The specimens were fixed with 4％ neutral formaldehyde solution,then dehydrated,embedded,sliced,stained with HE,and immunohistochemically stained with immunohistochemical staining machine,and then the results of macroscopic examination,microscopic examination and immunohistochemical examination were analyzed.Results Metaplastic breast cancer was lack of clear boundaries,and had no envelope.The tumor diameter was 1-5 cm,and its average was(3.1 ±1.2) cm.Section was tough and solid.Some had nodular shape,and their color was gray.Some had cysts appearance in the section.Among the 32 patients,20 patients underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy without cancer metastasis,and 12 patients underwent axillary lymph node dissection,including 8 cases with axillary lymph node metastasis;32 patients were presented as estrogen receptor (ER) (-),progesterone receptor(PR) (-),epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) (-),broad spectrum CK (+),28 patients presented as epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)(+),20 patients presented as CK5/6 (+),and 8 patients presented as p53 (+),myoepithelial carcinoma p63 (+),respectively accounting for 100.0％,87.5 ％,62.5 ％ and 25.0％ in their total number.A total of 32 cases of patients with metaplastic breast carcinoma was divided into two types according to the metaplasia:pure epithelial type,including 4 cases of squamous cell carcinoma,2 cases of glandular squamous cell carcinoma and 13 cases of adenocarcinoma differentiated by spindle cell;epithelial/mesenchymal metaplastic carcinoma,its heterologous elements including 3 cases of sarcomatoid components,3 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma-like ingredients and 7 cases of ossification of cartilage and natural ingredients.Conclusion Metaplastic breast cancer,ER(-),PR(-),and HER-2 (-) should be identified with primary breast sarcoma,malignant follicular tumor,sarcomatosis and desmoplastic breast cancer.