雀麦属野生牧草资源的搜集与评价

摘要

在新疆北疆、川西北、藏东南三地区共搜集到雀麦属野生牧草资源82份，新疆北疆搜集到40份、川西北28份、藏东南14份。搜集结果表明新疆北疆地区分布着较为丰富的雀麦属野生种质资源。通过田间农艺性状评价得出无芒雀麦适合北方寒冷的干旱及半干旱地区种植，是建立高产人工草地的理想牧草及优良的放牧型牧草。通过遗传多样性研究得出雀麦属种间存在很大的遗传差异，表现出较高的遗传多样性；不同来源的无芒雀麦之间(种内)也同样存在很大遗传差异，也表现出较高的遗传多样性；对旱雀麦的研究显示，不同来源地的材料间遗传差异性大。%82 copies of wild forage resources of Bromus were collected from three regions, including 40 copies from the northern region of Xinjiang, 28 copies from the northwest region of Sichuan and 14 copies from the southeast region of Tibet. The results show that abundant germplasm resources of wild bromus distribute in the northern region of Xinjiang. Evaluations of agronomic traits draw a conclusion that Bro-mus inermis is suitable for planting in the northern cold arid and semi-arid areas, and is an ideal forage grass for establishing artificial high yield grassland and for excellent grazing type forage. The studies of genetic diversity of the genus Bromus show there are great differences among Bromus and display obvious interspecies genetic diversity; Bromus inermis from different sources exists great intraspecies genetic differences;Bromus tectorum from different sources also show a large genetic difference.