不同真菌菌剂对烟草病毒病的田间防治效果

摘要

真菌激发子能诱导植物产生系统抗性，表现出抗植物病毒的作用。对西瓜枯萎菌、苹果轮纹菌、小麦赤霉，以及土壤真菌ESF-6菌株、XFPF-6菌株、C1菌株、XFSF-8菌株、疫霉等8种真菌菌剂的抗病毒活性进行了研究。用不同真菌发酵液喷雾处理田间烟草植株叶片，检测真菌菌剂对烟草病毒病的防治效果。结果表明，8种真菌菌剂对烟草病毒病均有一定的防治效果，其中ESF-6菌剂防效最高，发病高峰期的防效为83.8%。在烟草整个生长期真菌XFPF-6的防效较为稳定，防效稳定在60%以上。小麦赤霉菌，苹果轮纹菌的防效也较高，分别为64.8%，73.7%。除C1菌剂外，其他7种真菌菌剂的防效均高于盐酸吗啉胍，可开发为真菌抗病毒菌剂。经18s rRNA序列测定和显微形态观察鉴定ESF-6为曲霉（Aspergillus sp.）， XFSF-8为青霉（Penicillium sp.）。%Fungal elicitors could induce plant systemic resistance and resistance against plant virus. The antiviral activities of Fusarium oxysporum, Physalospora piricola,Fusarium graminearum, and soil fungus strains ESF-6, XFPF-6, C1, XFSF-8 and Phytophthorasp.were studied. Fungi were cultured by liquid fermentation, the fermentation broth were collected and sprayed on leaves of tobacco plants. The antiviral effects of the fungi were determined via field experiments. The results showed that all eight fungal agents could control tobacco virus diseases. The controlling efficiency of strain ESF-6 was the highest, 83.8% at the peak of disease incidence. The controlling efficiency of XFPF-6 was 60%, and was stable during the whole tobacco growth period. The controlling efficiency ofF. graminearum andP. piricola were also high, being 64.8% and 73.7%, respectively. Except for strain C1, control efficiency of the other seven fungal agents were all higher than that of moroxydine hyrochloride. These fungi can be used in developing antiviral fungal agents. Based on 18s rRNA sequences of fungi and morphology observation, strain ESF-6 was identified asAspergillus sp., and strain XFSF-8 identified asPenicillium sp.