Stable single-mode operation of 894.6 nm VCSEL at high temperatures for Cs atomic sensing

摘要

In this paper,stable single-mode operation at high temperatures is produced by the surface-relief-integrated vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL).The gain-cavity mode detuning technique is employed to realize high operating temperatures for the VCSEL.The surface relief is etched in the centre of the top side as a mode discriminator for the fundamental mode output,and the threshold current minimum is 1.94 mA at high temperatures by the gain-cavity mode detuning technique.Maximum single-fundamental-mode output power of 0.45 mW at 80 ℃C is obtained,and the side mode suppression ratios (SMSRs) are more than 30 dB with increasing temperature and current,respectively.