大鼠慢性失血性血虚模型造模方法的研究与评价

摘要

目的 通过对慢性失血性血虚模型的研究,筛选出最适宜评价养血补血中药的血虚模型.方法 3种血虚模型组大鼠分别每天于眼底静脉丛采血2.5、5.0和7.5 ml·kg-1,共持续15 d,建立3种慢性失血法血虚模型.同时每种模型均设当归补血汤给药组,各组大鼠造模的d 3、d 6、d 9、d 12、d 15所采的血样用来检测血常规,以观察模型的变化和当归补血汤的补血作用.结果 采血量为2.5 ml·kg-1组的大鼠于实验的d 12、d 15模型组与正常组相比差异均有显著性,但给予当归补血汤后对d 12各指标的改善作用无显著性,对d 15的各指标则有明显改善作用,说明该模型于d 15造模成功.采血量为5.0 ml·kg-1组的大鼠于实验的d 12和d 15均造模成功,其中d 12的改善作用优于d 15.采血量为7.5 ml·kg-1组的大鼠于实验的d 9和d 12均造模成功,但该模型组大鼠的炎症反应程度较强,实验d 15模型组与正常组相比差异有显著性,但给予当归补血汤后对各指标均无明显改善.结论 结合动物的炎症反应程度、受试药物的补血作用和减少对实验动物的伤害等综合考虑,优选大鼠每天采血5.0 ml·kg-1且持续12 d的慢性失血性血虚模型为可靠的大鼠慢性血虚模型.该方法为研究中药养血补血作用提供了借鉴和参考.%Aim To establish and optimize a bleeding deficiency model which is suitable for evaluating the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on nourishing and tonifying blood. Methods Blood samples were drawn from orbit at the dosages of 2. 5, 5. 0 and 7. 5 ml · kg-1 by three different blood deficiency model rats every day, and the experimental period was 15 days. The blood samples of third day, sixth day, ninth day, twelfth day and fifteenth day were collected to observe the peripheral blood index changes. At the same time, Dangguibuxue Decoction was used to evaluate the three models. Results When blood collection at the dosage of 2. 5 ml · kg-1 and the experimental period at twelfth day and fifteenth day, there was a significant difference between model group and control group, but only at fifteenth day, the model was made successfully. When blood collection at the dosage of 5.0 ml · kg-1 and the experimental period at twelfth day and fifteenth day, the model was made successfully, but the treating effect of tested medicine at twelfth day was better than at fifteenth day. When blood collection at the dosage of 7. 5　ml · kg-1 and the experimental period at ninth and twelfth day, the model was made successfully, but their inflammatory responses were serious. At fifteenth day, there was a significant difference between model group and control group, but there was no significant difference between model group and model treatment group. Conclusion Considering the inflammatory response, the nourishing and tonifying blood effect of tested medicine and the minimum injury of experimental animals, the optimum for making blood deficiency model was as follows: Blood is collected at the dosage of 5. 0 ml · kg-1 every day for 12 days. Dangguibuxue Decoction shows a good improving effect of the peripheral blood indexes on the optimum model. The method provides reference for the effect evaluation of Chinese medicine with nourishing and tonifying blood.