北京市未婚女青年避孕行为的调查研究

摘要

Objective To identify contraceptive use behavior and its determinants among never married young women with an unwanted pregnancy and seeking pregnancy termination in Beijing.Methods A cross-sectional study, adopting the Lawrence' PRECEDE-PROCEED model was conducted in 1999 in Beijing, China. A total of 306 unmarried young women, aged 18 to 24 years and requesting pregnancy termination, were face to face interviewed.Results Only 13% of the young women insisted on contraceptive use, and almost an equal proportion occasionally or never used contraceptives (26% and 27%, respectively). Among 224 women who had contraceptive use during the past 12 months, the methods used most often were condom (49%), withdrawal (28%) and the rhythm method (16%). One of the most important reasons cited by 73 percent of women who had never used contraceptives was that they did not realize the risk of getting pregnant. The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that knowledge on contraception, boyfriend's approval of contraceptive use, perceived risk of getting pregnant, perceived availability of contraceptive services and discussion of contraception with boyfriend were important indicators of a young woman's contraceptive use behavior.Conclusion These results indicate an urgent need to develop sex education on conception and contraception among young women and men. It is equally important to enhance young women's perception about the risk of unwanted pregnancy and the complications of induced abortion. Promoting men's cooperation and participation in contraceptive use as well as strengthening communication on contraception between young women and their partners is essential.%目的研究未婚女青年的避孕行为及其影响因素.方法采用Lawrence W. 的PRCEDE-PROCEED 健康促进计划模式,于1999年对北京地区306例要求人工流产的18-24岁未婚女青年进行横断面调查.结果近12个月以来,仅有13%女青年坚持每次性行为都使用避孕方法,偶尔使用和从未使用者的比例分别为26% 和27%.在224例曾经使用过避孕方法的女青年中,最常用的方法分别是避孕套(49%)、体外排精(28%)和安全期避孕(16%).在从未使用任何避孕方法的女青年中,73%认为没想到会怀孕是最主要的不避孕的原因.Logistic 回归分析显示,女青年对避孕知识的了解、对意外妊娠风险的认识、男友对避孕方法使用的态度、与男友讨论避孕方法、以及对避孕服务可及性的感受是影响女青年既往避孕行为的主要因素.结论急需对未婚青年开展有关避孕知识的性教育,提高他们对意外妊娠风险和人工流产并发症的认识,促使男性积极参与避孕,加强性伴侣之间有关避孕方法的交流.