Embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells derives from bone marrow, muscule, liver, skin, nerve, adiposes and other tissues or organs are pluripotent. Embryonic stem cells in vitro can differentiate into derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers when transferred to an in vitro environment, and have the ability to form any fully differentiated cells of the body. A series of remarkable studies suggested that adult stem cells undergo novel patterns of development named as transdifferentiation. All of them can be induced into cardiomyocytes in a certain condition and used to treat myocardial infarction. In this review, progress in the treatment of myocardial infarction with stem cells transplantation is summarized.
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