This article describes the evolution of scenery management in the in United States, since the environmental movement of the 1960's. This article explains the following key concepts and ideas: seen areas, visual management units, scenic quality, visual sensitivity, visual absorption capacity, viewer distance zones, viewer activity, viewer volume and visual management guidelines. These ideas and concepts are then illustrated as they were applied in the Claytor Lake Scenery Management Study undertaken by the Community Design Assistance Center at Virginia Tech. This study not only drew upon ideas and concepts from the past, but also undertook a new and innovative application, using Google Earth to make the image data base, scenic assessment maps and visual management guidelines available to citizens, developers and government officials. It is an important time to be involved in scenery management. Around the world scenic landscapes are being threatened by indiscriminant development. The technological tools needed to do this type of work are advancing rapidly. As a result the public is demanding that steps be taken to preserve these scenic landscapes for future generations.%介绍了美国自20世纪60年代环境运动以来,风景管理的历史和发展进程.详细介绍了美国风景管理的关键概念,如视觉管理单元和被视范围、风景质量、视觉敏感性、视觉吸收能力、视距区间等,以及风景管理的研究方法和以视觉模拟为主的新的发展方向.结合工程实例——克莱特湖风景管理研究,详细介绍了美国风景管理工作的核心内容:研究案例评估了克莱特湖区的风景质量和视觉敏感性,建立了信息可视化的共享平台,提出了湖区风景管理的设计原则,以协调适度的项目开发和土地使用.如今,全球范围内的风景资源正面临土地盲目开发所带来的威胁,借助科技手段可以高效而有力地完成风景管理领域的研究.希望这篇文章的发表,可以唤起人们对保护风景资源的意识,造福后代.
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