云南杜果果肉象甲、果实象甲发生危害及其熏蒸处理

摘要

Mango weevils are main insect pests attacking mango in the tropics, which can seriously impact the production and fruit quality of mango and cause huge economic losses in mango industry. Our survey showed that mango pulp weevil (Sternochetus frigidus) and mango weevil (Sternochetus olivieri) occurred heavily in Yunnan, and caused heavy damages to early and late mango cultivars. In this context fruits harvested and fresh mango stones were fumigated with methyl bromide. The results showed that fumigation treatments at 20-25℃ under normal pressure with 72 g/m~3 methyl bromide for 3 hours on fresh fruits and fresh stones, or with 24 g/m~3 or 36 g/m~3 methyl bromide for 6 hours on fresh fruits killed all mango weevils in mango fleshes and stones and caused no apparent changes on fruit surface and flavor of mango fruits. Moreover, the seed germination rates were not significantly different between the treatment and the control.%杧果象是杧果的重要害虫,该类害虫的为害严重影响杧果的产量和质量,对杧果产业造成巨大的经济损失.调查发现杧果果肉象和果实象在云南发生为害严重,发生程度不一,早熟品种较晚熟品种受害重.采用溴甲烷对采后的丰亡果鲜果及新鲜果核进行熏蒸处理,结果表明:在20～25℃,常压下使用72/m~3,溴甲烷熏蒸鲜果、新鲜果核3 h或使用24、36 g/m~3溴甲烷进行熏蒸鲜果6 h,可100%杀死果肉及果核内的杧果象且果实外观、风味未发生改变,种子发芽率与对照差异不显著.