治疗骨质疏松和骨折何时联用或介入抗骨质疏松治疗

摘要

BACKGROUND: Patients with osteoporosis are prone to develop fractures, and moreover some patients are first diagnosed with osteoporosis because of a fragility fracture. Therefore, it is critical to understand the correlation between osteoporotic medications and fracture healing. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the effect of anti-osteoporosis medications on osteoporotic fracture healing in order to promote its clinical application. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed, CNKI, VIP and WanFang databases between January 2012 and July 2016 was performed to retrieve the related articles with the keywords of "osteoporotic fracture, healing, bone nutrition supplements, anti-resorptive agents, anabolic agents, dual effect agents, new targeted agents" in English and Chinese, respectively. Literature concerning the effect of anti-osteoporosis medications on fracture healing was selected, and the articles published lately in authoritative journals were preferred. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Most of anti-osteoporotic medications have no harmful influence on fracture healing, including bone nutrition supplements (calcium and vitamin D), anti-resorptive agents (bisphosphonate, denosumab, estrogen and selective estrogen receptor modulators, statins and calcitonin), anabolic agents (parathyroid hormone), and dual effect agents (strontium ranelate). Calcium and vitamin D are the basic drugs; anti-resorptive agents exert overt anti-osteoporotic effect; and the new targeted agents like cathepsin K inhibitor and sclerostin monoclonal antibody provide more choices for the therapy of osteoporotic fracture. Partial anti-osteoporotic agents inhibit the viability of osteoclasts, so their early application may be against fracture healing. The optimal time of anti-osteoporotic medications and the effect on acute and non-acute osteoporotic fractures need to be further explored.%背景:骨质疏松症患者易于骨折,且部分患者因骨折才首次诊断骨质疏松症,因而明确抗骨质疏松药物与骨折愈合的关系显得尤为重要.目的:总结抗骨质疏松药物对骨质疏松性骨折的愈合是否有影响,以促进其临床应用.方法:作者应用计算机以"骨质疏松性骨折、愈合、骨营养补充剂、骨吸收抑制剂、骨形成促进剂、骨双向调节剂、新靶点药物"或"osteoporotic fracture、healing、bone nutrition supplements、anti-resorptive agents、anabolic agents、dual effect agents、new targeted agents"为检索词,在PubMed、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、维普中文期刊网、万方数据库中检索2012年1月至2016年7月的有关文献.选择文章内容与抗骨质疏松药物对骨质疏松性骨折的影响有关者,同一领域则选择近期发表在权威杂志上的文章.结果与结论:①现有的多数抗骨质疏松药物对骨折愈合无不良影响,常用的有以下4类:骨营养补充剂(钙剂、维生素D);骨吸收抑制剂(双膦酸盐、狄诺塞麦、雌激素及选择性雌激素受体调节剂、他汀类以及降钙素);骨形成促进剂(甲状旁腺素);骨双向调节剂(雷奈酸锶);②钙剂和维生素D是治疗的基础,骨吸收抑制剂抗骨质疏松效果确切,新靶点的药物如组织蛋白酶 K 抑制剂、硬化蛋白单克隆抗体等将为治疗了提供更多选择;③部分抗骨质疏松药物会抑制骨折破骨细胞活性,如果早期使用抗骨质疏松药物可能会对骨折修复产生不良影响;④关于治疗骨质疏松和骨折何时联用或介入抗骨质疏松治疗,在骨质疏松性骨折急性期和非急性期的作用效果等问题有待进一步探讨.