[Purposes] As the written description and text presentation of academic research, academic papers have appeared in several different document types. We study the relationship of document types in Nature, Web of Science, and Scopus to find the differences and similarities among them, making people better understand the different literature types and improving the rationality of scientific research evaluation. [Methods] The document types of each paper published in Nature from 2008 to 2017 were obtained under three literature classification systems, namely Web of Science, Scopus, and Nature. The three types of documents were compared and analyzed and the results were visualized. [Findings] The same data set can be classified differently in different classification systems, and the number of document types varies greatly. Document types, such as Article, Letter, Editorial, and Review, which exist in Web of Science, Scopus, and Nature simultaneously, have different meanings and vary considerably in some cases. [Conclusions] In scientific research evaluation, the document type differences between journal and databases should be taken into consideration, so that we can make a better metrics and assessment on single paper, journal, organization, etc.%[目的]学术论文作为学术研究的书面描述和文本展现, 相继出现了多种不同的类型.研究Web of Science和Scopus数据库与Nature 3种文献分类体系之间的区别与联系, 以加深人们对不同文献类型的理解, 促进科技评价更加合理.[方法]统计2008-2017年Nature刊载论文在Web of Science、Scopus与Nature中分别对应的文献类型, 对3种文献类型进行比较分析, 并将结果可视化.[结果]同一数据集在Web of Science、Scopus和Nature中分别对应不同的文献分类, 且文献类型种类也不尽相同.Article、Letter、Editorial、Review等类型在3种文献分类体系下均存在, 但其含义却不甚相同.[结论]科研评价时, 要考虑数据库与期刊的文献类型差异, 对单篇论文、期刊、机构等进行更合理的计量与评价.
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