性能评价(PA)是风险评估在核废物地质处置领域中的应用.PA原是用作定量地展示处置场的工程与天然屏障性能的手段,其目的是最终证明处置系统的安全性.为此PA的最高指导思想是国际上公认的原则和指南.在实际应用中,PA与处置项目的几个主要部分都有联系,包括废物描述、处置概念到场址选择和描述.因此,PA在核废物管理项目中占有很特殊的位置:PA可以作为决策工具,辅助处置项目的计划和管理,使项目能够有效益地进行,以达到预期的目标.从自上而下的视角介绍PA,包括方法论、模式、处理不确定性等.还为中国科学家列出了一些具体的建议.%Performance assessment(PA) is the application of risk assessment in the field of nuclear waste geological disposal. PA was initially adopted as a measure to quantitatively demonstrate the performance of both natural and engineered barriers of a repository, which eventually leads to building a safety case. The ultimate guidelines for PA are the principles and standards that are recognized and accepted by international communities. In practice, PA virtually links major parts of a repository program including waste characterization, disposal concept, site selection and characterization.This places PA in the unique position of the nuclear waste management program: PA can be used as a decision-making tool to aid repository program planning and management in order to meet the programmatic goals cost effectively. The article introduces PA from the top-down viewpoint and covers topics of methodology, modeling, and uncertainty. Finally,the authors provide some specific suggestions to Chinese scientists.
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