中国主产区油菜品种与加拿大油菜品种小区试验产量比较

摘要

为了解中国与世界油菜主产国加拿大之间油菜品种的产量差异及成因,对近3年来两国的审定品种区域实验数据进行比较分析,研究了它们在不同区域产量、适应性及群体性状表现.结果表明:2013-2015年度,我国主产区冬油菜品种平均产量2 950.4～3 112.9 kg/hm2;而加拿大油菜品种平均产量分别为3 496.5 ～4 689.8kg/hm2.品种试验中,加拿大油菜3年平均单产为4 057.8kg/hm2,比我国(平均3 026.2kg/hm2)高34.1％.与我国油菜品种相比,加拿大油菜品种在不同年份、不同区域间产量都稳定在3 000kg/hm2以上,具有较好的稳定性和适应性.群体性状结果表明,加拿大油菜品种主要依靠群体优势获得高产,而我国油菜品种则对单株丰产性要求较高.因此认为,我国油菜品种产量改良应加快从个体丰产型向群体优势型方向发展.%To determine the difference and main factors of yield performance ot Brassica napus L.between China and Canada,registered varieties' data were analized in these 2 countries from 2013 to 2015.Results showed that the average yield of registered cultivars in China (winter rapeseed,the main production in Chinese) were 2 950.4-3 112.9kg/hm2,and the mean yield were 3 496.5-4 689.8kg/hm2 in Canada.In national trials,the average yield was 4 057.8kg/hm2 in Canada,which was 34.1％ higher than that from China (3 026.2kg/hm2).Compared with Chinese cultivars,Canadian varieties showed better adaptabilty and stability.In consideration of population structure,Canada varieties had higher planting density which resulted in higher yield performance,while those from China relied more on excellent yield of single plant.These comparision suggested that Chinese rapeseed breeding should be changed from excellent single plant to higher planting density and better population structure.