造血干细胞移植患者口腔粘膜炎的观察及护理

摘要

Objective:The rules of occurrence an d development of oral mucositis in 41 stem cell transplantation recipi ents were investigated to supply scientific bases for clinical nursing. Methods: Oral mucositis was carefully evaluated before every mouth nursing, and then, the observation charts designed in advance were filled in completely. Results:Fo rty-one of the recipients(83.7%)suffered from oral mucositis, mainly with degree Ⅰ(80.5%). As for the occurrence positions,the cheek, tongue, lip, ingiva and palate were involved and the incidences in these locations were 46.3%, 34.1%, 31.7%, 29.3%, 29.3%, respectively; The incidence of oral mucositis was associated with granulocyte counts in its descen ding velocity, extent and duration.Detecting for microorganisms showed almost all the infections were caused by habitue bacteria. C onclusion: Oral mucositis is a common complication in stem cell transplant a tion recipients. The incidence of oral mucositis was high, especially degreeⅠ. The involved mucose was mainly on the cheek, tongue, lip and gingiva.%目的：观察41例患者口腔粘膜炎发生、发展的规律，为临床护理提供科学的依据。方法：预先设计好口腔粘膜炎的观察表，每次口腔护理前对口腔粘膜认真评估，逐项填写。结果：本组口腔粘膜炎的发生率为83.7%%；发生部位颊 (46. 3%)，舌(34.1%)、唇(31.7%)、齿龈和腭(均为29.3%)；发生程度0级、Ⅰ级占83.7%；发生与 粒细胞下降速度、幅度、持续时间均有关；粘膜炎时微生物检测均为常居菌。结论：口腔粘 膜炎是造血干细胞移植患者常见而严重的并发症。虽发生率高，但只要仔细观察、有效护理 ，是可以降低口腔粘膜炎发生程度的。