Objective: To research how to make use of the diffraction theory of wave optics to analyze chromatic aberration; Methods: Reference to the related literature after appropriate reasoning, the formula of light field distribution of imaging point which monochromatic light goes throughout optical system without monochrome aberration is deduced, then the diffraction mechanism of position chromatic aberration and magnification chromatic aberration are analyzed and the formula of chromatic aberration is given, and then chromatic aberration correction of optical system or photoelectric detection image and availability of chromatic aberration are discussed. Results: Compared with geometrical optics, diffraction theory analyzing and processing chromatic aberration show that not only mechanism of chromatic aberration is revealed better but also calculation and correction of chromatic aberration of optical system and photoelectric detecting image are improved in a certain degree. Conclusions: The views and methods of analysis and processing of chromatic aberration based on diffraction theory are helpful to analyze and process chromatic aberration in optical engineering and to promote further development of aberration theory.%目的:研究怎样利用波动光学的衍射理论分析处理色差.方法:从基于点源圆孔衍射的成像原理出发,参考有关文献,经过适当的推理得到了单色光经无单色像差系统所成像点的光场分布计算式,分析了位置色差和倍率色差的衍射机理并给出了色差的计算式,探讨了光学系统的色差校正和光电探测图像的色差校正以及色差的可利用性.结果:跟几何光学相比,利用衍射理论对色差的分析与处理,不但更深入地揭示了色差产生的机理,还对光学系统和光电探测图像的色差计算与校正有一定程度的改进.结论:这些基于衍射理论的色差分析与处理的观点及其方法,有利于在光学工程中对色差进行分析与处理,并且能够促进像差理论的进一步发展.
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