船舶融资租赁中备用租约的法律性质和风险辨析

摘要

由出租人与备用承租人签署备用租约在船舶融资租赁中十分普遍，但业界对其法律性质和风险缺乏明确和统一的认识。备用租约一般采用船舶融资租赁或光船租赁合同的形式，但其法律性质是光租合同、融资租赁合同抑或为保证则应根据备用承租人在备用租约下承担的义务和责任的具体内容确定，不能一概而论。%It is a widely-used mode to have a standby charter party（Standby C/P） signed in a ship financial leasing project in China. However, there is no uniform interpretation of the legal nature of and risks in the Standby C/P. The Standby C/P is in the form of a ship financial leasing contract or a hareboat charter party, however, whether its legal nature is a bareboat charter party, financial leasing contract or a guarantee shall be determined according to the different obligations and responsibilities of the standby charterer as provided in different Standby C/Ps.