More than half of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have mild or moderate cognitive impairment, and in character with attention and memory, information processing speed and execution dysfunction and so on. In recent years, in addition to the pathophysiological studies T2DM induced mechanism of cognitive dysfunction, all kinds of new technology of MRI for revealing the structure of diabetes patient's brain and the alteration of brain function have important value, such as susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), etc, play an important role in revealing the changes of brain structure and function in diabetes. In this article, we present a review focusing on neurological imaging of brain structure and function changes in patients with T2DM.%半数以上2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者伴随轻、中度认知障碍,并以注意力及记忆力减退和信息处理速度及执行能力下降等为主要特征.近年除了在病理生理方面探究T2DM诱发认知功能障碍的机制外,各种MRI序列对于揭示糖尿病患者脑结构及脑功能改变方面有重要价值,如磁敏感加权成像、扩散张量成像、静息态功能磁共振成像及磁共振波谱成像等.作者结合病理生理改变及相关脑结构、功能变化对T2DM伴认知障碍患者的神经影像学研究进展进行综述.
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