上海市长宁区25～35岁未育女性的生殖健康知晓现况及保健措施

摘要

目的:探讨上海市长宁区25～35岁未育女性的生殖健康知晓现况及保健措施.方法:选取上海市长宁区2014年5月至2016年5月居住的未育女性4089例,采用问卷形式对所有女性的一般情况、避孕、性观念等内容进行调查,将女性卫生保健、性观念/行为等数据详细记录下来,然后对其进行统计分析.结果:受调查的未育女性对女性生殖道生理特点非常了解、一般了解、一知半解、完全不了解的分别有614例(15.3％)、2089例(52.2％)、1113例(27.8％)、187例(4.7％);对常见阴道炎的预防与保健知识非常了解、一般了解、一知半解、完全不了解的分别有318例(7.9％)、1885例(47.1％)、1212例(30.3％)、588例(14.7％);生殖感染发生次数≤1次、2～3次、≥4次的分别有2115例(52.8％)、1478例(36.9％)、410例(10.3％),当生殖道部位出现不适时选择立即就医、自行购药处理和不处理的分别有1201例(30.0％)、2111例(52.7％)、691例(17.3％);每天和性生活前后清洗外阴的分别有3008例(75.1％)、1785例(44.6％),清洗外阴时会用专用清洗液的有2010例(50.3％);有2412例(60.2％)在月经期间有性生活;2706例(32.4％)了解人工流产后1个月内应避免性生活.对于避孕方式的选择,分别有2625例(65.6％)、112例(2.8％)、112例(2.8％)、204例(5.1％)、308例(7.7％)、201例(5.0％)、199例(5.0％)、105例(2.6％)、101例(2.5％)表示会选择男用避孕套、女用避孕套、女性外用避孕药、安全期避孕、短效口服避孕药、长效口服避孕药、宫内节育环、手术结扎、皮下埋植的方法.结论:上海市长宁区25 ～35岁未育女性的生殖健康知晓现况不容乐观,需要临床积极采取有效的保健措施.%Objectives:To investigate the awareness of reproductive health knowledge and health protection measures of 25-35 years old immigrant nulliparous women with different education levels in Changning District of Shanghai.Methods:4000 nulliparous women lived in Changning District of Shanghai from May 2014 to May 2016 were selected.The general,female contraception,women's sexual concepts and etc.of all the subjects were surveyed by questionnaires,and the detailed data of health care,sex concept and behaviors were recorded and statistically analyzed.Results:Of the childless women surveyed a solid understanding of female genital tract physiological characteristics,the general understanding,a little knowledge,completely don't know there were 614 cases (15.3％),2089 cases (52.2％),1113 cases (27.8％),187 cases (4.7％).Prevention and health care knowledge of common vaginitis is very understanding,common understanding,a little knowledge,completely don't know there were 318 cases (7.9％),1885 cases (47.1％),1212 cases (30.3％),588 cases (14.7％).Reproductive infection number 1,2 ～ 3 times,or greater or less 4 times respectively in 2115 patients (52.8％),1478 cases (36.9％),410 cases (10.3％),when there is not timely choose genital tract parts immediately go to a doctor,to buy medicine processing and processing respectively in 1201 patients (30.0％),2111 cases (52.7％),691 cases (17.3％).There were 3008 cases (75.1％) and 1785 cases (44.6％) of the daily and post-sex cleaning,and 2010 (50.3％) of the special cleaning fluid was used when cleaning the vulva.There were 2412 cases (60.2％) of sexual life during menstruation;2706 (32.4 percent) understand that sexual intercourse should be avoided within 1 month after abortion.For the choice of contraceptive methods,respectively in 2625 patients (65.6％),112 cases (2.8％),112 cases (2.8％),204 cases (5.1％),308 cases (7.7％),201 cases (5.0％),199 cases (5.0％),105 cases (2.6％),101 cases (2.5％) said they would choose male condom,female condom,female contraceptive for external use only,rhythm,short-acting oral contraceptives,long-term oral contraceptives,the coil,the method of surgical ligation,subcutaneous preparetions.Conclusion:The awareness of reproductive health knowledge of 25-35 years old immigrant nulliparous women with different education levels in Changning District of Shanghai is not optimistic,and health protection measures should be taken.