高龄心房颤动患者抗血小板与抗凝策略的临床观察

摘要

Objective To observe the effectiveness and safety of oral anticoagulants and antithrombotic therapy in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods Patients were divided into anticoagulant group (warfarin) and antithrombotie group (aspirin or clopidogrel) based on the initial treatment. The prothrombin time (PT), activated clotting time (ACT), international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fihrinogen (FIB), thrombin time (TT), coagulation factor Ⅱ,Ⅴ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ, and Ⅹ,fibrin degradation product (FDP) and D-dimer were tested at baseline and after therapy in both groups. Results The average treatment period was 44.2±37.5 months in antithrombotic group and 39.0±61.5 months in anticoagulant group. There were six cases of isehemic stroke, one acute artery embolism in right lower limb and three gastrointestinal bleeding in antithrombotic group, while two gastrointestinal bleeding and two fatal hemorrhagic stroke in anticoagulant group. The results of PT, ACT, INR, APTT, FIB, TT, coagulation factor Ⅱ,Ⅴ ,Ⅶ, Ⅷ,Ⅸ,Ⅹ,FDP and D-dimer had no significant differences compared with the baseline in antithrombotic group. However, there were significant increase in PT and INR [(8.4±7.5)s and (0. 93±0. 83)s, both P<0. 05)], and significant decrease in ACT, coagulation factor Ⅱ,Ⅶ, Ⅸ and Ⅹ (all P<0. 05) in anticoagulant group. Conclusions Anticoagulant therapy may he effective in prevention of ischemic stroke in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. However, it may slightly increase the hemorrhage incidence. The overall adverse events were not significantly reduced.%目的 观察高龄心房颤动(房颤)患者抗血小板治疗与抗凝治疗现状及有效性和安全性. 方法 根据高龄房颤患者住院时的治疗情况分为华法林抗凝组(15例)和阿司匹林(或氯吡格雷)抗血小板组(52例)进行分析.每组分别测定用药前后的凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化凝血时间(ACT)、国际标准化比值(INR)、部分活化凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血因子(Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ)活性、纤维蛋白降解产物(FDP)和D-二聚体. 结果抗血小板组平均治疗时间(44.2±37.5)个月.抗凝组平均治疗时间(39.0±61.5)个月.抗血小板组有6例发生缺血性脑卒中,1例发生急性右下肢动脉栓塞,3例发生消化道出血.抗血小板组用药前后PT、ACT、INR、APTT、FIB、TT、凝血因子(Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ)活性比较、差异均无统计学意义.抗凝组共发生2例消化道出血及2例致死性出血性脑卒中.抗凝组华法林用药后PT延长(8.4±7.5)s,ACT下降(0.49±0.22)s.INR升高0.93±0.83,凝血因子Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ及Ⅹ活性均较用药前有显著降低(均P<0.05). 结论 抗凝治疗能够有效预防高龄房颤患者的缺血性脑卒中发生,但出血事件发生率可能增多,总体不良事件发生并未显著减少.