有氧运动对高海拔地区健康老年人心率变异性的影响

摘要

目的 通过观察高海拔地区长期坚持有氧运动老年人的24 h心率变异性(HRV)和递增负荷运动前安静时、运动中、运动后HRV时域指标的变化特征,探讨低氧环境下的有氧运动对老年人心血管系统自主神经调节的影响. 方法 选择60岁及以上高原地区(海拔≥2 600 m)老年人,分为长期跳锅庄健身舞有氧运动组30例和缺乏运动组30例,进行血压、心率和血氧饱和度测定,通过24 h动态心电监护检测出24 h HRV的时域参数,同时使用Marquette 2000运动平板测试仪,监测递增负荷运动前安静时、运动中5 min和运动后10 min时HRV的时域参数. 结果 与缺乏运动组比较,有氧运动组收缩压、舒张压和心率均低于缺乏运动组(t=2.475、2.295、2.099,均P＜0.05),血氧饱和度(SO2)和血氧饱和度/心率(SO2/HR)的比值显著高于缺乏运动组(t=2.907、2.210,均P＜0.05).与缺乏运动组比较,有氧运动的健康老年人运动前安静时和运动后10 min内正常窦性R-R间期标准差(SDNN)时域指标升高显著,相邻R-R间期之差的均方根(RMSSD)和相邻两个R-R间期标准差≥50 ms的百分数(PNN50)在运动中和运动后10 min阶段内递增下降明显(均P＜0.05).结论 高原低氧环境下适当的有氧运动可以更有效提高老年人摄取和利用氧能力来提高HRV,降低心率和血压从而改善心脏自主神经功能.%Objective To assess the effect of aerobic exercise on the cardiovascular autonomic regulation in healthy elderly people living in hypoxia areas at high altitude,through observing the 24 hours of heart rate variability(HRV) and its changes in HRV before,during and after incremental exercise.Methods 60 healthy elderly(＞ 60 years old)living in Qinghai-Tibet plateau(altitude ＞ 2 600 m)were selected and divided into aerobic exercise group(practicing Tibetan traditional dance in long term,n=30)and control group (lacking aerobic exercise,n =30).Blood pressure,heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SO2) were measured.The time domain parameters of HRV were detected by 24 hour Holter test.The time domains of HRV before,during and after incremental exercise were observed by Marquette 2000 treadmill exercise test.Results Systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were lower(t=2.475,2.295,2.099,all P＜0.05),and SO2 and SO2/HR ratio was higher(t=2.907,2.210,P＜0.05)in aerobic exercise group than in control group.As compared with control group,the aerobic exercise group showed that the changes in SDNN were increased significantly during and 10 minutes after incremental exercise(both P＜0.05),and RMSSD and PNN50 were significantly decreased during and 10 minutes after exercise(both P＜0.05).Conclusions Regular aerobic exercise in the elderly people living in hypoxia areas at high altitude can enhance oxygen uptake and utilization,increase the heart rate variability,reduce heart rate and blood pressure,and improve the cardiac autonomic function.