肛门内镜下11O例直肠肿瘤切除术

摘要

目的 探讨经肛门内镜微创手术(transanal endoscopic microsurgery,TEM)治疗直肠肿瘤的效果.方法 总结2006年4月至2009年8月接受TEM的110例直肠肿瘤患者的临床资料,分析TEM在直肠肿瘤治疗中的应用效果.结果 患者病灶直径0.5～5.5 cm,平均直径为(1.7±0.8)cm.病灶距肛缘4～20 cm,平均距离为(7.4±2.6)cm.病灶在直肠内的部位:前壁40例,后壁29例,左侧壁22例,右侧壁19例.手术方式:肠壁全层切除98例,黏膜下及肌层部分切除12例.手术时间25～180 min,平均(73.5 ±31.0)min;术中失血3～60 ml,平均失血(10.8±7.8)ml.术后病理学检查:直肠腺瘤41例,直肠腺瘤癌变和直肠癌35例(其中Tis期21例,T1期6例,T2期8例),直肠类癌14例,直肠间质瘤1例,直肠平滑肌瘤1例,炎性息肉等18例.所有标本切缘均为阴性.术后并发肛门出血2例,肺部和泌尿系感染各1例,并发症发生率为3.6%(4/110).术后住院日2～8 d,平均住院日(3.4±1. 3)d.术后平均随访12.5个月,未发现肿瘤复发和转移.结论 TEM治疗直肠肿瘤具有手术损伤小,出血少、疗效好、恢复快等优点,是目前直肠局限性肿瘤局部切除的首选方法.%Objective To evaluate transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) for the resection of rectal neoplasms. Methods In order to analyze the therapeutic effect of TEM in the management of rectal tumors, clinical data of 110 patients with rectal neoplasms treated by TEM between April 2006 and August 2009 were summarized and analyzed retrospectively. Result The mean diameter of rectal lesions was 1.7±0.8 (range, 0.5 ～5.5)cm. The average distance of lesions from the anal verge was 7.4 ±2.6(range, 4 ～20) cm. 40 lesions were located at the anterior wall of the rectum, 29 on the posterior wall,22 on the left wall and 19 on the right. Surgical procedures included the transmural excision (98 cases) and the submucosal excision with partial muscular layer excision (12 cases). The average operating time was 73.5 ±31.1 (range, 25 ～180) min. The mean operative blood loss was 10.8 ±7.8 (range, 3 ～60) ml.The postoperative pathological examination identified 41 rectal adenomas、 35 rectal adenocarcinomas or carcinomatous changes of adenomas (21 Tis, 6 T1, and 8 T2 cases), 14 rectal carcinoids, 1 stromal tumor、1 leiomyoma and 18 cases of inflammatory polyps or others. Surgical margins of all specimens were negative.Postoperative complications included 2 cases of anal hemorrhage, one case of pulmonary infection and one urinary infection with a postoperative morbidity of 3.6%. The average postoperative stay was 3.4 ± 1.3( range, 2 ～ 8 ) d. With a mean follow-up period of 12. 5 (3 ～ 40) months, no tumor recurrence or metastasis was found. Conclusions TEM shows advantages of decreased blood loss, good therapeutic effect, and fast recovery of the patients, which can be adopted as the choice of therapy for small and well confined rectal neoplasms.