Colorectal cancer represents one of the most common cancers in the world, the incidence and mortality inrncreased in recent years. The pathogenesis is not very clear, so the early diagnosis and therapy for advanced cancer are rnvery difficult. Genetics and environment are main reasons associated with colorectal cancer carcinogenesis. Approximaternly 20％ of all colorectal cancer cases are familial inheritance of the disease and the others are sporadic colorectal cancer.rnThe molecular pathways are variable , but three pathways should be paid more attention, including chromosomal instabilirnty ( CIN) , microsatellite instability ( MSI) and the CpG island methylator phenotypec ( CIMP) . This review examines rnthe underlying molecular mechanism , cancer stem cells and colitis-associated cancer in colorectal cancer carcinogenesis.%大肠癌是严重危害人民健康的恶性肿瘤之一,因为发病机制尚未完全阐明而造成诊断和治疗上的困难是其发病率、死亡率居高不下的重要原因之一.大肠癌发病机制包括遗传、环境等诸多因素,目前大概有20%的患者有家族遗传史,其余则为散发性大肠癌.本文将从大肠癌癌变的分子机制、干细胞在大肠癌发生中的作用、炎症相关的大肠癌三个方面来阐述大肠癌发病机制的研究进展与临床应用前景,并不包括遗传性大肠癌.
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