高活性微米多孔铝粉的制备与表征

摘要

为得到具有高活性多孔铝粉和氢化铝共存的混合体系,在常压下采用格氏试剂法对普通铝粉进行活化,通过半固相反应得到高活性微米多孔铝粉,用红外光谱、X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、静态氮吸附等方法对样品进行了表征,通过氧化还原滴定法测试了微米多孔铝粉的活性.结果表明,制备所得样品的主要成分是铝粉,同时还有部分AlH3;样品具有多孔结构,粒径多数分布在30μm左右,不仅具有孔径在2~10 nm之间的中孔,还存在孔径分布在1 nm以下的部分微孔结构;总孔体积为普通铝粉的5~7 倍,比表面积为普通铝粉的2~3 倍,样品平均活性含量达到92.83%.这种含有AlH3 的高活性微米多孔铝粉混合体系在含能材料领域有很大的应用价值.%To obtain the coexistent mixed system of high activity porous aluminum powder and aluminum hydride, the activation of ordinary aluminum powder was carried out by Grignard reagent method under atmospheric pressure.The high activity micron porous aluminum powder was obtained via a semi-solid phase reaction and was characterized by IR,XRD,SEM and the static nitrogen adsorption method.Its activity was tested by redox titration.The results show that the main component of the sample was aluminum powder,containing some AlH3 .It has a porous structure and most particle size distribution is about 30μm.It not only has the middle hole between 2 nm and 10 nm,but also has partly micropore structure with the pore size distribution of less than 1 nm;Its total pore volume is 5 to 7 times larger than ordinary aluminum and the specific surface area is 2 to 3 times larger than the ordinary aluminum.The averenge active content of sample reaches to 92.83%.The mixed system of high activity micron porous aluminum containing AlH3 had a potential value in the application of energetic materials.