中国成年人主要慢性病家族史与个体健康生活方式的关联分析

摘要

目的 分析主要慢性病家族史与个体健康生活方式间的关联.方法 数据来自中国慢性病前瞻性研究2004-2008年的基线调查和2013-2014年的第2次重复调查,剔除自报患有冠心病、脑卒中、恶性肿瘤和糖尿病的个体,最终分别纳入461 213名和20 583名研究对象.研究对象报告一级亲属(生父、生母、亲兄弟姐妹)中≥1人患有急性心梗、脑卒中、恶性肿瘤和糖尿病中任意一种疾病即为有主要慢性病家族史.健康生活方式包括当前不吸烟、不过量饮酒、每日摄入蔬菜水果、积极的体力活动、BMI(18.5～23.9)kg/m2、腰臀比男性＜0.90/女性＜0.85.结果 基线调查时,人群中具有上述任一家族史的比例为36.5％;具有上述各类健康生活方式的比例依次为70.5％、93.0％、18.0％、25.0％、53.4％和43.5％.与无家族史者相比,有家族史者当前不吸烟、不过量饮酒、保持健康体重和体脂的比例更低,而每日摄入蔬菜水果和积极体力活动的比例更高.但是总的来说,无论就家族史病种类型或数量、涉及的家庭成员类别、或是患病人次数而言,不同家族史状态人群的健康生活方式比例差异甚微.家族史与个体生活方式间的关联状态在10年后的第2次重复调查中没有很大的改变.结论 自知有主要慢性病家族史的个体在健康相关的主要生活方式上并未表现得更健康.%Objective To examine the associations between family history of major chronic diseases and healthy lifestyle in adults in China.Methods Data were from the baseline and second survey of China Kadoorie Biobank study,which were conducted during 2004-2008 and 2013-2014,respectively.After excluding participants with self-reported histories of coronary heart disease,stroke,cancer or diabetes,a total of 461 213 adults from baseline survey and 20 583 adults from second survey were included in the current study.Participants who reported a family history of acute myocardial infarction,stroke,cancer,or diabetes of any first-degree relative (i.e.,biological father,mother,or siblings) were defined as having a family history of majoi chronic diseases.Healthy lifestyles were defined as current nonsmoking,non-excessive alcohol drinking,eating vegetables and fruits daily,upper quarter of physical activity level,body mass index (BMI) of (18.5-23.9) kg/m2,and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) ＜0.90 (man)/＜0.85 (women).Results At baseline survey,36.5％ of the participants had family history of major chronic diseases.Proportions of the above six healthy lifestyles were 70.5％,93.0％,18.0％,25.0％,53.4％,and 43.5％,respectively.Compared with participants without family history,the proportions of current nonsmoking,non-excessive drinking,normal BMI,and normal WHR were lower in participants with family history of major chronic diseases,while the proportions of eating vegetables and fruits daily,and being physically active,were higher.In general,the absolute differences in these proportions between participants with and without a family history were only slight.Similar results were observed when other family history status (the type or number of disease,the category or number of affected family members) were analysed.The association between family history of major chronic diseases and healthy lifestyles was consistently observed in the second survey 10 years later.Conclusion In Chinese population,adults with family history of major chronic diseases did not adopt healthier lifestyles.