混合炸药设计研究进展

摘要

Composite explosives are the final energy source of energetic materials in realizing damage effect of weapons.In this paper,we briefly reviewed the recent advances and development trends in research of composite explosives,the advances of composite explosives aimed at higher energy are elaborated by the application of novel high explosives,energetic binders and plasticizers,and highly active metals,and then those formulations aimed at low sensitivity are introduced by the application of energetic materials inherent with low sensitivity,efficient desensitization technology,materials and microstructures for the resistance of stress and thermal environment.The composition,characteristics and application of typical explosive formulations are summarized based on different functions design.Finally,we proposed that the development directions of composite explosives in the future are pursuing higher energy,to be more insensitive,enhanced environmental adaptability,green explosives and improved theoretical design.%混合炸药是含能材料在武器中实现毁伤作用的能量源.本文简要综述了近年来混合炸药设计的研究进展和发展趋势,从新型高能炸药、含能粘结剂与增塑剂、高活性金属的应用三个方面阐述了混合炸药高能化设计的研究进展,再从低感含能材料、高效降感技术和抗力热环境材料与微结构的应用三个方面介绍了混合炸药钝感化设计的研究进展.依据不同的功能化设计,归纳了典型炸药配方组成、特点和应用情况,提出了未来混合炸药将朝着高能量密度化、钝感化、环境适应性提升、绿色化、理论设计加强方向发展.