DNA自组装技术的研究进展及难点

摘要

DNA self-assembly,widely developed in the fields of DNA computing and nanotechn-ology,is related to the development of DNA computer.How DNA molecules assemble has be-come the focus of scientific fields.This paper mainly discusses the DNA self-assembly technology of one-dimension,two-dimension and three-dimension structure.DNA self-assembly units are divided into three types: a long DNA single-strand,several short DNA single-strands and prima-ry units of DNA self-assembly.In the meantime,the principle and research progress of DNA self-assembly are discussed.On the other hand,the main obstacles and solutions of the application on DNA computing are also analyzed.Firstly,coding is the most difficult problem,as it decides whether the experiment can be implemented.Secondly,the assembled angle between DNA sin-gle-strands and the connections among motifs.In addition,from the experiment operation,whether the self-assembly structure can be achieved is decided by the concentration proportion of each DNA single-strand and the anneal temperature.With the rapid developing of science and technology and combination of multi-disciplinary science,DNA self-assembly has become the im-portant research direction in the fields of material,informatics and biology,and will also be the critical instrument that promotes the development of DNA computer.%近年来,DNA自组装成为DNA计算及纳米材料科学等领域研究的热点,它关系着DNA计算机的发展.DNA分子如何组装已成为许多学者关注的焦点.为此,文中主要围绕着DNA分子组装成的仞级元件的类型:一条长的DNA单链、多条短寡核苷酸链和自组装单元,重点从自组装的初级元件形成的一维、二维及三维结构上讨论DNA自组装技术与方法.文中讨论了这些技术的原理及应用的研究进展.并且分析了DNA自组装应用于DNA计算的主要难点及解决方案.首先,编码的好坏决定着实验是否能实施;其次,DNA单链之间组装的角度及初级原件之间的连接是影响自组装体产量的关键因素;从具体的实验操作上看,每条DNA单链的浓度比例及退火温度则决定着自组装的成败.随着学科之间的高度交叉,DNA自组装将是材料学、信息学、生物学等领域的重要研究方向,也是推动DNA计算机发展的重要手段.