Along with the advancement in the screening and diagnostic techniques of malignancy and the development of onco-therapy, more young women are diagnosed with cancer. However, the survival rate is increasing in cancer patients. When cancer is controlled, quality of life, which often includes the ability to bear a normal child, then becomes a major issue. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy may damage feminine fertility in cancer comprehensive treatment. At present, the measures of reproductive preservation are mainly by drug preserves and assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, most studies in drug preserves have raised several controversies regarding their effectiveness. Currently, embryo cryopreservation is the main ART used in fertility protection. However, it is restricted to adults and married couples in our country. Although successful pregnancies after oocyte or ovarian issue cryopreservation have been reported, the technique is not recommended for extensive use in clinics because of the difficulty in technology. Other methods are still in the experimental stage. Based on the state of present developments, numerous unsolved problems require further exploration.%随着恶性肿瘤筛查与诊断技术的进步和现代肿瘤治疗学的发展,越来越多的年轻女性被诊断为恶性肿瘤,而恶性肿瘤患者的生存率不断提高.当人们控制了肿瘤,生活质量成了一个主要关心的问题,包括有一个自己的孩子.肿瘤治疗所带来的远期副作用也越来越为人们重视,比如性腺功能衰竭.肿瘤综合治疗中对女性生育力的损害主要来自化疗和放疗,而目前生殖保护的措施主要包括药物保护和辅助生殖技术.药物保护措施的保护作用尚存在很多争议.辅助生殖技术目前使用较多的是胚胎的低温保存,但是,在我国由于年龄及婚姻状况的要求而使用受限.卵子的冷冻及卵巢组织冷冻后成功妊娠时有报道,但因为技术困难,还不能广泛应用于临床,其他很多的技术尚在动物试验阶段.就目前发展状况来看,还存在许多亟待解决的问题.
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