无细胞蛋白质合成的研究进展

摘要

无细胞合成生物学作为新兴的多学科交叉手段,已很好地应用于蛋白质工程领域.因为无细胞生物合成系统无需完整的活细胞,在体外就可激活转录和翻译机器,因此,可减少对细胞的依赖性,从而增加工程的自由度.无细胞系统的这些优点使它已经成为强大的蛋白质工程平台,用于膜蛋白和医药蛋白的合成、非天然氨基酸的嵌入以及高通量分析.无细胞蛋白质合成系统不仅在基础科学研究而且在工业化生产中拥有广阔的应用前景.本文中,笔者系统综述了无细胞蛋白质合成系统的研究及应用,并展望了该系统的研究前景.%Cell-free synthetic biology as an emerging interdisciplinary approach,has been well adopted for protein engineering.Cell-free biosynthesis system activates the transcription and translation machinery in vitro without using intact living cells,so it can decrease the dependence on cells,and leads to an increase in the engineering flexibility.These advantages of cell-free systems have allowed them to become a robust protein engineering platform for the synthesis of membrane proteins and therapeutic proteins,incorporation of unnatural amino acids, and high-throughput screening. Cell-free protein synthesis system holds great promises for applications ranging from basic science to industrial biomanufacturing. In this paper, the research progress, applications and future prospect of cell-free protein synthesis systems have been systematically reviewed.