规模化猪场NH3排放特征及影响因素研究

摘要

To explore the charateristics and influencing factors of NH3 emision from large-scale pig farm,this reaserch did a investigation on 34 pig farms in Henan province by using survey method and measurement method,discussed a number of influence factors on piggery NH3 concentrations and the influence of NH3 emission coefficient,such as the ground types and dung cleaning,ventilation mode and the roof forms and materials.The results show that:In mechanical ventilation mode,the concentration of NH3 in the piggery is different from the ground type and the method of cleaning the manure,it is made up from high to low cement the half floor surface blisters dung、floor dry feces、the biological fermentation bed 、gap floor scraper nightsoil cleaning,the diurnal variation of NH3 concentration showed a low concentration in the morning,a higher concentration at noon and a decreasing trend at night.The NH3 emission coefficient is significantly reduced by using slot floor scaper cleaning and biological fermentation bed;The concentration of NH3 in piggery with natural ventilation was significantly higher than that of natural ventilation + mechanical ventilation and mechanical ventilation(P＜0.05),Were 36.71％ and 58.57％ higher,respectively;The greater the amount of ventilation in piggery will decrease NH3 emission rate;The roof forms and materials had no obvious effect on pig NH3 concentration and NH3 emission coefficient.The diurnal variation of NH3 concentration in piggery was still showing the low morning concentration,elevated noon concentration,and decreased night concentration(P＞0.05).%为探讨规模化猪场NH3排放特征及影响因素,本研究对河南省34个规模猪场进行调查研究,探讨地面类型与清粪方式、通风方式以及屋顶形式与材料等因素对猪舍NH3浓度和NH3排放系数的影响.结果表明:在机械通风模式下,猪舍内NH3浓度因地面类型与清粪方式不同而有所差异,猪舍内NH3浓度由高到低依次为缝隙地面水泡粪、水泥地面干清粪、生物发酵床舍、缝隙地面刮板清粪,猪舍内NH3浓度日变化呈现早低、午高、晚降低的趋势;缝隙地板刮板清粪和生物发酵床猪舍内NH3排放系数显著降低;自然通风舍内NH3浓度显著高于自然+机械和机械通风2种通风方式(P＜0.05),分别高出36.71％和58.57％;舍内通风量越大NH3排放速率越小;不同屋顶形式与材料对猪舍内NH3浓度的影响均符合NH3浓度日变化规律,即呈现早低、午高、晚降低的趋势,但不同屋顶形式与材料对猪舍内NH3浓度和NH3排放系数无显著影响(P＞0.05).