近交及环境因素对中国荷斯坦奶牛繁殖性能的影响

摘要

本研究旨在分析近交及环境因素对中国荷斯坦奶牛初配日龄(产后首配天数)、初次配妊日龄(产后配妊天数)、配妊次数等繁殖性能的影响.选用山东省某牧场3 185头中国荷斯坦奶牛10 925条繁殖记录,通过SAS8.2软件中GLM过程,应用固定模型对青年牛及经产牛繁殖性能进行最小二乘分析及Duncan's多重比较.结果表明:近交对青年牛配妊次数有显著影响(P＜0.05),而对初配日龄、初次配妊日龄的影响不显著(P＞0.05);出生季节、配种年度、配种季节、与配公牛等环境因素对青年牛繁殖性能有显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)影响;近交对经产牛产后配妊天数、配妊次数有显著影响(P＜0 05),而对产后首配天数的差异不显著(P＞0.05);胎次、产犊季节、配种年度、配种员、产奶水平、与配公牛等环境因素对经产牛繁殖性能均有显著(P＜0.05),极显著(P＜0.01)影响.通过制定合理的选配方案,避免近交,并结合牧场饲养管理,可有效提高奶牛繁殖性能.%The objective of this study was to determine the effect of inbreeding on age at first service,age at first pregnancy,number of services of heifers,and days at first service after calving days at first pregnancy after calving,number of services of pluriparous dairy cows in Chinese Holstein.Atotal of 10 925 reproductive data of 3 185 Chinese Holstein was analyzed to evaluate the effects of inbreeding and the environment factors on heifers and pluriparous dairy cows,using a fixed model through the General Linear Model(GLM) procedure of SAS program(SAS 8.2).Results showed that fixed effect of inbreeding,season of birth,year of service,season of service,and the sires of service had significant effects on the fertility traits in heifers,inbreeding,parity,season of calving,year of service,person of service,level of milk production,and the sires of service had significant effectson the fertility traits in pluriparous dairy cows.In order to improve reproductive performance of Chinese Holstein effectively,we had to design the breeding program,and combine with pasture feeding and management.