高脂饲粮对日本鹌鹑（Cotur nix japonica）盲肠微生物群落结构的影响

摘要

本试验旨在研究高脂饲粮对日本鹌鹑( Cotur nix japonica)盲肠微生物群落结构、组成及其脂肪代谢的影响。选择160只1日龄日本鹌鹑,1~6周龄饲喂半合成饲粮,6周龄时,所有鹌鹑随机分成2个组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只。2组分别饲喂半合成饲粮和添加胆固醇的半合成饲粮,继续饲喂6周。试验期结束后,每个重复随机挑选1只接近平均体重的鹌鹑进行屠宰,收集血液分离得到血浆用于脂肪代谢指标分析；采集鹌鹑盲肠内容物,用焦磷酸测序分析微生物群落结构和组成。结果表明：1)高脂饲粮组鹌鹑总胆固醇( TC)、低密度脂蛋白( LDL)含量和LDL/高密度脂蛋白( HDL)显著提高( P<0.05)；2)高脂饲粮显著降低盲肠微生物多样性( P<0.05)；在微生物科水平,高脂饲粮显著降低 Lactobacillal、Streptococcaceae 和 Clostridiales (P<0.05)、其他(others)科的丰度(P<0.05),显著提高Erysipelotrichales、Erysipelotrichaceae科的丰度( P<0.05),在微生物属水平,高脂饲粮显著降低Ruminococcaceae、Ruminococcus的丰度( P<0.05),但是显著提高了Erysipelotrichaceae、cc_115和Erysipelotrichaceae、Eubacterium的丰度(P<0.05)；3)cc_115(Erysipelotrichaceae)和未被分类的微生物(属于Lachnospiraceae科)丰度与TC、LDL 含量和 LDL/HDL 呈显著正相关( P<0.05),除此之外 Eubacterium ( Erysipe-lotrichaceae)只与LDL/HDL呈显著正相关( P<0.05),Ruminococcus ( Ruminococcaceae)的丰度与TC、LDL含量和LDL/HDL呈显著负相关( P<0.05),Ruminococcus ( Lachnospiraceae)的丰度与HDL含量呈显著正相关( P<0.05)。由此可见,高脂饲粮影响了日本鹌鹑盲肠微生物群落的结构、组成及其脂肪代谢。%The object of this study was to investigate the effects of high lipid diet on cecal microbial community structure and composition and its lipid metabolism of Japanese quail ( Cotur nix japonica) . A total of 160 one-day-old Japanese quail fed a semi-synthetic diet for the first 6 weeks. At 6 weeks of age, the birds were ran-domly divided into 2 groups with 8 replicates per group and 10 birds per replicate, fed either a regular synthetic diet or a synthetic diet with added cholesterol for another 6 weeks. After the feeding trial, 8 birds from each group were euthanized and collected blood for testing the lipid metabolism indices, cecal contents for investiga-ting the microbial community by using pyrosequencing.The results showed as follows:1) The content of total cholesterol ( TC) , low density lipoprotein ( LDL) and LDL/high density lipoprotein ( HDL) of Japanese quail were significantly increased in high lipid diet group ( P<0.05) . 2) High lipid diet significantly decreased cecal microbial diversity ( P<0.05); in high lipid diet group, the abundance of family Lactobacillales, Streptococ-caceae and Clostridiales, others was significantly decreased ( P<0.05) , while the abundance of family Erysip-elotrichales, Erysipelotrichaceae was significantly increased ( P<0.05) . 3) The abundance of cc_115 ( Erysip-elotrichaceae) and unclassified bacteria belong to Lachnospiraceae were positively correlated with contents of TC, LDL and LDL/HDL ( P<0.05) , besides Eubacterium ( Erysipelotrichaceae) was only positively correla-ted with LDL/HDL (P<0.05), while the abundance of Ruminococcus (Ruminococcaceae) was negatively correlated with contents of TC, LDL and LDL/HDL ( P<0.05) , and the abundance of Ruminococcus( Lach-nospiraceae) was positively correlated with contents of HDL ( P<0.05) . In conclusion, high lipid diet highly affects the cecal microbial community structure and composition and its lipid metabolism of Japanese quail.