Neuropeptide S mainly from Kolliker-Fuse nucleus promotes wakefulness through activation of cognate receptor-neurons in the paraventricular thalamus

摘要

Neuropeptide S(NPS)is a neuromodulator that concentratively expressed in the Kolliker Fuse nucleus(KF)and pericoerulear area(Peri-LC)in mice.NPS and its receptor(NPSR)system participates multiple biological effects.The paraventricular thalamus(PVT),a newly identified area that critical for wakefulness,highly expressed NPSR suggesting that NPS NPSR system may be involved in the regulation of sleep-waking states through PVT.The present study was undertaken to investigate effects of NPS on the sleep-waking states through PVT.