纳米孔道分析技术是一种低成本、快速、无需标记的单分子检测技术,仅有20多年的发展历史,在DNA单分子测序领域展示出较好的应用前景,现已有商业化的产品面世且趋于成熟.越来越多的研究表明,纳米孔可作为一个通用的单分子传感器.本文综述了生物纳米孔道分析技术对蛋白质、多肽和核酸等单个分子与孔道间相互作用、动力学和热力学过程的实时监测以及多种生物大分子和金属离子的定量检测等方面的研究进展.在纳米孔技术中,电化学检测系统也十分重要,本文还特别介绍了高带宽及超低电流分辨仪器和相关软件的相关进展.%Nanopore technique is a low-cost, ultrafast method for single-molecule level analysis without labels. Nanopore technique was first proposed more than 20 years ago and exhibited an excellent potential in DNA sequencing. So far, the commercial development of nanopore strand-sequencing as a portable device has been realized. Meanwhile, a remarkable number of studies have demonstrated that nanopore represents versatile single-molecule sensors for a wide range of molecule. Therefore, in this article we mainly review the use of nanopore technique based on the interface interactions between biological pore and the analytes such as protein/peptide to obtain kinetic and thermodynamic information at single-molecule level. And a large number of biological molecules and metal ions are quantitatively detected by nanopore analysis, allowing its development for the future biotechnologies and medicine applications. Besides, electrochemical detection system is crucial to nanopore technique. Therefore, we focus on advancements in relative software and ultralow current instrumentations with high-bandwidth.
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